Structural dynamics is about the characterisation of structural properties and the behaviour of structures when subjected to various physical forces. Whether it's a wind turbine blade vibrating in an offshore gale, an aircraft experiencing turbulence, or machinery facing self-generated vibration, these forces test structural integrity.
While structures need to be resilient and rigid, over-engineering can be both unnecessary and costly, especially when weight is a concern. And some structures, such as engine mounts, must not be overly rigid as they need to absorb vibration to enhance comfort.
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Structural dynamics is about the characterization of structural properties and the behaviour of structures. Structural properties are expressed in a set of modal parameters, each consisting of mode shape with an associated natural (resonance) frequency and damping value. The modal parameters are derived from a mathematical model describing the relationship between the inputs and outputs and can be obtained using classical modal analysis or operational modal analysis (OMA).
In the classical modal analysis, the structure is excited using impact hammers or modal exciters (modal shakers), whereas, in operational modal analysis, natural excitation is used. In both cases, the response is typically measured using accelerometers.
Determining how shocks affect a structure is a special type of structural characterization. For this purpose, the shock response spectrum (SRS) calculated from transients in the time domain is used.
Structural behavior is observed using techniques such as operating deflection shapes (ODS) analysis for determining the vibration patterns of structures under various operating conditions or using permanent structural health monitoring (SHM) to follow the structural state continuously and determine the required health management of the structure.
Join our webinar as we explore the essential aspects of mechanical systems, the SDOF model, and the equation of motion. Learn why and when structural analysis is performed, and how it is executed. Discover the benefits of combining physical testing with simulation, and understand the differences between signal analysis and system analysis. We will also cover the most frequently used applications and the latest trends in structural analysis.
Structures are often designed using finite element (FE) models, and their geometry models and results predictions are very useful for optimising the tests.
Importing detailed FE models not only allows you to create simpler test models that are highly accurate. FE Models also helps you to define optimal excitation and response DOFs to get the best possible test results. FE predictions can be correlated with the test results, and the test data can be imported back into the simulation tools for updating the FE models.