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As healthcare robotics becomes increasingly sophisticated, the demand for precision, responsiveness, and patient-specific adaptability has never been higher. At the heart of this transformation lies advanced sensor technology—particularly strain gauge sensors—enabling medical robots to operate with greater intelligence and accuracy. To shed light on the latest developments, we spoke with Anjali Mahajan, Engineering Manager – OEM Sensor, who shares her expert insights on how sensor innovation is powering the next generation of medical devices

How do sensors enhance the functionality of medical robots?


Sensors are fundamental to the advanced capabilities of medical robots. They empower these systems to perceive, interpret, and respond dynamically to their surroundings. By detecting real-time changes in parameters such as force, pressure, temperature, and proximity, sensors enable robots to function with high levels of precision, efficiency, and autonomy.

This capability is especially vital in procedures like minimally invasive surgery, rehabilitation support, and continuous patient monitoring. Moreover, sensors contribute to both safety and adaptability, allowing medical robots to tailor their responses to individual patient needs and unexpected events.

What types of sensors help guide and navigate medical robots?


Medical robots utilise a range of navigation sensors, including:

  • Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs): These combine accelerometers, gyroscopes, and magnetometers to track movement and maintain orientation.
  • GPS Sensors: Particularly useful in outdoor healthcare settings, such as emergency response scenarios, where broader spatial navigation is required.

How do sensors enable medical robots to detect and respond to their surroundings?


By constantly gathering environmental data, sensors allow medical robots to make real-time decisions. For instance:

  • Tactile sensors detect pressure and help adjust applied force.
  • Imaging sensors enable object recognition and interpretation of human gestures.
  • Proximity sensors help avoid collisions by identifying nearby obstacles.
  • Temperature sensors ensure appropriate handling of heat-sensitive materials.
  • Force/Torque sensors regulate robotic movement based on resistance—crucial in surgical and prosthetic applications.

What are the key mechanical components of a medical robot, and how do sensors integrate with them?


A typical medical robot comprises:

  • Actuators: Drive robotic arms and instruments.
  • Joints: Facilitate articulation and range of motion.
  • End-effectors: Such as surgical tools, grippers, or diagnostic probes.
  • Structural Framework: Provides support and mechanical stability.
  • Sensors: Embedded throughout to deliver continuous feedback, ensuring precise and safe operation—such as force sensors in robotic arms for delicate surgical procedures.

Force and torque sensing is particularly significant in robotic joints, where it ensures gentle, controlled movements during surgery or rehabilitation by monitoring applied pressure and resistance.

How are force sensors used to ensure precision and safety in medical robotics?

Force/Torque sensors measure mechanical stress applied to robotic components and convert it into electrical signals. This data enables robots to:

  • Control the amount of pressure applied—preventing damage to tissues during surgical procedures or rehabilitation therapy.
  • Replicate natural hand movements in robotic prosthetics, allowing for improved dexterity and control.
Representation of surgical medical robots sensor solutions in isometric perspective

What specific roles do force sensors play in medical robotic applications?

  • Surgical Robotics: Maintain controlled pressure for incisions and suturing.
  • Prosthetics: Enhance grip and manipulation capabilities.
  • Rehabilitation Robots: Provide resistance feedback to personalise therapy.
  • Patient Handling: Prevent overexertion when lifting or repositioning patients.

How does MEMS technology contribute to advancements in healthcare robotics?

Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) have revolutionised sensor design by enabling the development of compact and highly sensitive devices. Key benefits include:

  • Miniaturisation: Facilitates the creation of smaller, more precise instruments.
  • High Sensitivity: Allows for early detection of subtle physical changes.
  • Low Power Consumption: Essential for efficiency in wearable and implantable devices.
  • Cost-Effective Production: Supports the scalable deployment of advanced robotics.

What role does MEMS technology play in the development of medical robots?

MEMS sensors are integral to a range of robotic healthcare systems:

  • Surgical Robotics: Support fine motor control.
  • Wearable Medical Devices: Continuously monitor vital signs.
  • Implantable Devices: Enable long-term monitoring of patient health.
  • Autonomous Robotic Systems: Improve navigation and environmental awareness.

What are some medical applications of piezoelectric sensors?

Piezoelectric sensors are employed in various clinical applications:

  • Ultrasound Imaging: Transform electrical energy into sound waves for diagnostic imaging.
  • Drug Delivery Systems: Regulate precise medication release.
  • Blood Pressure Monitoring: Measure cardiovascular pressure fluctuations.
  • Wearable Diagnostics: Track movement and physiological parameters.

How do piezoelectric force sensors work in medical devices?

These sensors generate an electrical charge when subjected to mechanical stress, allowing them to:

  • Monitor pressure changes in blood flow systems.
  • Translate mechanical movements into electrical signals in prosthetics.
  • Measure applied force during minimally invasive procedures.

What advantages do MEMS sensors provide in medical robotics?

  • Improved Accuracy: Supports precision in surgical procedures.
  • Fast Response Time: Enables real-time feedback in critical scenarios.
  • Durability: Designed to withstand repeated sterilisation and long-term use.
  • Energy Efficiency: Vital for battery-powered wearable and implantable devices.
  • Compact Size: Ideal for integration into miniaturised robotic platforms.

How are medical robots controlled, and what role do sensors play in this process?

Control systems in medical robotics combine:

  • Pre-programmed Algorithms: Define basic movements and workflows.
  • Real-Time Sensor Feedback: Allows adjustments based on environmental input.
  • AI-Driven Decision-Making: Enhances responsiveness and autonomy.

Sensors underpin control precision by:

  • Monitoring force to avoid tissue damage.
  • Supporting stable navigation in rehabilitation systems.
  • Enabling intuitive gesture recognition for hands-free control.
Black and white portrait of Anjali Mahajan, OEM Sensors Principal Design Engineer at HBK
Anjali Mahajan Engineering Manager – OEM Sensor

Which sensors are commonly integrated into medical robots, and how do they enhance performance?

  • Force/Torque Sensors: Facilitate delicate manipulation.
  • Position Sensors: Ensure accurate motion tracking.
  • Vision Sensors: Aid navigation and object identification.
  • Proximity Sensors: Enhance safety for both patient and clinician.
  • Tactile Sensors: Provide touch sensitivity in surgical and prosthetic systems.

How do AI-powered medical robots use sensors to collect and process data?

Artificial intelligence enables:

  • Machine Learning: Analyses complex sensor data for predictive insights.
  • Computer Vision: Interprets real-time images from camera inputs.
  • Haptic Feedback: Refines movement through tactile interaction.

This integration supports adaptive surgeries, early anomaly detection, and intelligent patient monitoring.

How are healthcare robots combining sensors with artificial intelligence?

  • Smart Prosthetics: AI refines grip control using force sensors.
  • Surgical Robots: Real-time imaging processed by AI ensures surgical precision.
  • Autonomous Care Robots: Monitor patient behaviour using motion and temperature sensors for responsive care.

 

Want to explore how sensor technology can take your medical device innovation to the next level?

Get in touch with one of our experts today.

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